中体西用

中学为体、西学为用

西学东渐

西学东渐的历程 (第一个阶段; 第二个阶段), 西学东渐的媒介 (来华洋人: 传教士, 其他来华洋人; 出洋中国人: 旅行家及商人及外交官, 留学生; 媒体: 书籍的出版流通, 期刊, 报纸; 新式学校; 港、澳及其他口岸租界的角色; 日本在西学传入中国的角色), 中国人对西学看法的变化 (明末清初; 晚清时期对西学看法的变化; 民国时期西学东渐的论战及影响), 各学科的西学东渐 (哲学; 数学; 天文学; 地理学和地质学; 生物学; 物理学; 化学; 医学; 应用科学及技术; 政治学及政治思想; 社会学及社会思想; 经济学及经济思想; 法学; 军事; 历史学; 文学; 音乐; 美术), 对中国的影响 (学术的影响; 思想文化的影响; 政治的影响; 社会的影响; 经济及日常生活的影响), 西学东渐影响下的著作

Jusuf Wanandi

It's a much more complicated problem we are facing. Islam, of course, is one of the factors that we have to win on our side, and Indonesia will be playing a critical role in that.

沈世顺

中日韩已经形成了非常紧密的经济和贸易关系，以2008年为例，中日贸易额超过2600亿美元，中韩贸易额接近1900亿美元，日韩贸易额也接近1000亿美元。

要建立东亚合作机制较为容易，但要建成共同体实体还有很长的路要走，还有许多问题要正确对待：如成员国问题、地区外国家加入问题、主导权问题、热点问题的处理等等。不过，只要互信增加，上述问题应该都不难解决。

遠藤周作

この巴里の家も路も石の集積だし、その石に一つ一つの長い長い歴史の重みがある。巴里にいることは、その重みをどう処理するかという生活の連続です。ぼくみたいに二年もいると、この重みと圧力が肉体にも心にも苦痛になってくるんです。

___

巴里に来る日本人には三つの型があるようですな。その重みを全く無視する連中と、その重みを小器用に猿真似する奴と、それからそんな器用さがないために僕みたいに轟沈してしまう人間と。

___

こんなつまらん小さな美術館一つ入っても、僕ら留学生は長い世紀にわたるヨーロッパの大河の中に立たされてしまうんだ。僕は多くの日本人留学生のように、河の一部をコソ泥のように盗んでそれを模倣する建築家にはなりたくなかっただけなんです。河そのものの本質と日本人の自分とを対決させなければ、この国に来た意味がなくなってしまうと思ったんだ。

夏目漱石

三四郎は自分がいかにもいなか者らしいのに気がついて、さっそく首を引き込めて、着座した。男もつづいて席に返った。そうして、

「どうも西洋人は美しいですね」と言った。

三四郎はべつだんの答も出ないのでただはあと受けて笑っていた。すると髭の男は、

「お互いは哀れだなあ」と言い出した。「こんな顔をして、こんなに弱っていては、いくら日露戦争に勝って、一等国になってもだめですね。もっとも建物を見ても、庭園を見ても、いずれも顔相応のところだが、－－あなたは東京がはじめてなら、まだ富士山を見たことがないでしょう。今に見えるから御覧なさい。あれが日本一の名物だ。あれよりほかに自慢するものは何もない。ところがその富士山は天然自然に昔からあったものなんだからしかたがない。我々がこしらえたものじゃない」と言ってまたにやにや笑っている。三四郎は日露戦争以後こんな人間に出会うとは思いもよらなかった。どうも日本人じゃないような気がする。

「しかしこれからは日本もだんだん発展するでしょう」と弁護した。すると、かの男は、すましたもので、

「滅びるね」と言った。

___

国家は大切かもしれないが、そう朝から晩まで国家国家といってあたかも国家に取り付かれたような真似はとうてい我々にできる話ではない。

___

事実出来ないことをあたかも国家のためにするごとく装うのは偽りである。

___

元来国と国とは辞令はいくらやかましくっても、徳義心はそんなにありゃしません。詐欺をやる。誤魔化しをやる、ペテンにかける、滅茶苦茶なものであります。

x魂x才

漢魂漢才

中国の文化や技術を受け入れるのに、仏教を基にした考え方すべてをも受け入れ、発展していく

和魂漢才

中国の文化や技術を受け入れるのに、日本の考え方を大切にし、両者を調和させ発展していく

洋魂洋才

西洋の文化や技術を受け入れるのに、キリスト教を基にした考え方すべてをも受け入れ、発展していく

和魂洋才

西洋の文化や技術を受け入れるのに、日本の考え方を大切にし、両者を調和させ発展していく

無魂洋才

西洋の文化や技術を受け入れるのに、これといった考えも持たず、うわべだけ掠めとって発展していく

Duncan J. Watts, Steven Strogatz

Average Path Length = (ln N / ln K) where N = desired number of nodes and K = mean degree (i.e., acquaintances per node; assumed to be an even integer). Thus if N = 6,000,000,000 (90% World pop.) and K = 30 then Degrees of Separation = 22.5 / 3.4 = 6.6. (Assume 10% of population is too young to participate.)

Ouisa Kitteridge (John Guare)

I read somewhere that everybody on this planet is separated by only six other people. Six degrees of separation between us and everyone else on this planet. The President of the United States, a gondolier in Venice, just fill in the names. I find it extremely comforting that we're so close. I also find it like Chinese water torture, that we're so close because you have to find the right six people to make the right connection... I am bound, you are bound, to everyone on this planet by a trail of six people.

Frigyes Karinthy

A fascinating game grew out of this discussion. One of us suggested performing the following experiment to prove that the population of the Earth is closer together now than they have ever been before. We should select any person from the 1.5 billion inhabitants of the Earth—anyone, anywhere at all. He bet us that, using no more than five individuals, one of whom is a personal acquaintance, he could contact the selected individual using nothing except the network of personal acquaintances.

Innovation Time Off

As a motivation technique (usually called Innovation Time Off), all Google engineers are encouraged to spend 20% of their work time (one day per week) on projects that interest them. Some of Google's newer services, such as Gmail, Google News, Orkut, and AdSense originated from these independent endeavors. In a talk at Stanford University, Marissa Mayer, Google's Vice President of Search Products and User Experience, stated that her analysis showed that 50% of the new product launches originated from the 20% time.

Mojito

Dag Hammarskjöld

"Freedom from fear" could be said to sum up the whole philosophy of human rights.

Sylvie Poisson

La beauté est en premier lieu, une sensation de bien-être et de plénitude. Elle nous donne la chance d’exprimer notre vrai soi et d’être authentique. Elle nous vient directement du cœur et est en harmonie avec l’humanité. L’aboutissement de cette beauté intérieure est exceptionnel et remarquable. Lorsque nous avons la chance de rencontrer une personne qui vit pleinement cette beauté, nous avons le désir immédiat d’être à ses côtés. À son contact, nous oublions immédiatement nos difficultés quotidiennes et nous sommes totalement bien avec nous-mêmes.

Lorsque nous sommes arrivés dans ce magnifique monde, c’est à dire le jour de notre naissance, nous avions tous les mêmes droits fondamentaux qui sont le droit à l’amour, à la beauté, au bonheur, à l’abondance, à la prospérité, à la confiance, à l’estime de soi, etc.

(La vraie beauté commence à l’intérieur)

梅田望夫

従業員一万人の企業といえば立派な大企業であるが、この企業が一日稼動すると八万時間が価値創出のために使われる計算になる。「一万人×八時間」の人数を増やしながら、時間を短くしていくとどうなるだろう。十万人から四十八分ずつ時間を集めることができれば八万時間になる。百万人ならば一人四分四十八秒でいい。一千万人なら二十八・八秒。一億人ならば三秒弱である。つまり従業員一万人の企業の社員が持つ一日フルに働くのと同じ価値を、ひょっとしたら一億人の時間を三秒づつ集めることでできるかもしれないのだ。

「（≒無限大）×（≒無）＝ Something」

放っておけば消えて失われていってしまうはずの価値、つまりわずかな金やわずかな時間の断片といった無に近いものを、無限大に限りなく近い対象から、ゼロに限りなく近いコストで集積できたら何が起こるのか。ここに、インターネットの可能性の本質がある。

Cornelis Disco, Barend van der Meulen

In 1964, Gordon E. Moore, research manager of Fairchild Semiconductor, observed a regular periodic doubling of the number of gates" (a measure of complexity), and claimed, by extrapolation, that this would continue. This prediction has come true so beautifully, that nowadays we speak of "Moore's Law," as if it were a law of Nature. The validity of this law cannot be understood from the technical procedures by which the chips are made. The fact that the law holds so well is an effect of the way actors (in industry, in science and in government) judge their own and each others' accomplishments with respect to Moore's Law predicts. They direct their efforts towards achieving the predicted values. Laboratories evaluate and plan their efforts in terms of Moore's Law; when there is danger of specifications falling short at the predicted moment, extra effort is expended. Firms use the law to guide investment decisions in specific technologies; for example whether or not to develop products that need chips with the predicted capacity - such as calculators or compact disc players. Governments are willing to provide subsidies in order to help firms avert the danger of not meeting the predicted value. All actors exert themselves to measure up to the predicted competition and to stay in the race. Moore's Law is the yardstick for the behavior of chip producers and governments in Japan, the United States and Europe, and it shapes their mutual dependency in the strategic game they play with one another.

Tnaveler Ton

Antonyms of relevant are inappropriate, irrelevant and unsuitable.

Marine Knežević (UN Poster)

It is not wrong to be different,

it is wrong to be treated differently if you are.

Lucie Lamarche, Eric Tistounet

Il apparaît tout d’abord utopique de penser que, concernant des violations de droits visant à garantir les humains contre l’exclusion sociale, économique et culturelle, la plupart des victimes, en situation de pauvreté, de mauvaise santé et/ou de carences éducatives, pourraient seules affronter le labyrinthe de procédures nationales (à plusieurs degrés), puis régionales et enfin internationales/universelles (sans exclure les mécanismes sectoriels) susceptibles de reconnaître leur bon droit. Les victimes les plus défavorisées ont donc rarement accès à ces procédures.

Thierry Meyssan

... je veux développer le débat démocratique, y défendre mes idées et en réfuter d’autres. Précisément, le débat démocratique ne se développe que lorsque l’on accepte de se confronter aux gens dont on ne partage pas les idées.

___

J’ai toujours activement combattu les idéologies d’exclusion, que ce soit le racisme ou l’antisémitisme, l’apartheid ou le sionisme, etc.

Michel Chossudovsky

Since the early 1980s, the "macro-economic stabilization" and structural adjustment programs imposed by the IMF and the World Bank on developing countries (as a condition for the renegotiation of their external debt) have led to the impoverishment of hundreds of millions of people. Contrary to the spirit of the Bretton Woods agreement of 1944 which was predicated on “economic reconstruction” and stability of major exchange rates, the structural adjustment program has contributed largely to destabilizing national currencies and ruining the economics of developing countries.

Internal purchasing power has collapsed, famines have erupted, health clinics and schools have been closed down and hundreds of millions of children have been denied the right to primary education. In several regions of the developing world, the reforms have been conducive to a resurgence of infectious diseases including tuberculosis, malaria and cholera. While the World Bank's mandate consists of "combating poverty" and protecting the environment, its support for large-scale hydroelectric and agro-industrial projects has also speeded up the process of deforestation and the destruction of the natural environment, leading to the forced displacement and eviction of several million people.

Shlomo Sand

One of the most effective techniques adopted to ridicule or marginalize one’s ideological opponents is to create a caricatured and extreme version of their thesis.

________

As is well-known, a religious community cannot possess historical ownership rights over a land, whereas a people can.

Hugo Blanco, 中沢清二

昔アラブの偉いお坊さんが

恋を忘れた　あわれな男に

しびれるような　香りいっぱいの

こはく色した　飲み物を教えてあげました

やがて心うきうき　とっても不思議このムード

たちまち男は　若い娘に恋をした

コンガ　マラカス　楽しいルンバのリズム

南の国の情熱のアロマ

それは素敵な飲みものコーヒー　モカマタリ

みんな陽気に　飲んで踊ろう

愛のコーヒー　ルンバ

Hugo Blanco, Jose Manzo Perroni

Cuando la tarde languidece, renacen las sombras
y en la quietud los cafetales vuelven a sentir
esta triste canción de amor de la vieja molienda
en el letargo de la noche parece decir...

Una pena de amor y una tristeza
lleva el zambo Manuel en su amargura
pasa incansable la noche moliendo café

T-Bone Walker

they call it stormy monday, yes but tuesday is just as bad

wednesday is even worse; thursday is awful sad

the eagle flies on friday, saturday I go out to play

sunday I go to church where I knee down and pray

and I say, lord have mercy, lord have mercy on me

just trying to find my baby, won't you please send her on back to me

John Hamre

This session today - of course, this is the start and, I would argue, the most important part of it because we're trying to really say, what are we trying to do ... where are we going, what are we really planning for? What kind of a future do we have to anticipate? And how do we structure that ...

___

Finally, we have to balance between current needs and future needs, between things like current operations and readiness and investment in capabilities for the future: research, development, procurement, et cetera.

Veronica Shoffstall

After a while you learn the subtle difference between holding a hand and chaining a soul,

And you learn that love doesn't mean leaning and company doesn't always mean security,

And you begin to learn that kisses aren't contracts and presents aren't promises,

And you begin to accept your defeats with your head up and your eyes open, with the grace of an adult, not the grief of a child,

And you learn to build all your roads on today because tomorrow's ground is too uncertain for plans.

After a while you learn that even sunshine burns if you get too much.

So plant your own garden and decorate your own soul, instead of waiting for someone to bring you flowers.

And you learn that you really can endure ... that you are really strong, and you really do have worth.

And you learn and you learn ... with every good bye you learn....

Ken Irwin

Electronic Resource Management (ERM) refers to practices and software systems used by libraries to keep track of important information about electronic information resources, especially internet-based resources such as electronic journals, databases, and electronic books. The development of ERM became necessary in the early 2000s as it became clear that traditional library catalogs and integrated library systems were not designed to handle metadata for resources as mutable as many online products are.

Digital Library Federation

When libraries acquire electronic resources from publishers or vendors, they must understand, record, transmit, and inform others about the many financial, legal, interrelational, and access aspects of these arrangements. The acquisitions and licensing processes are complex, publishers transmit this information to libraries in a variety of paper and electronic formats, and the number of licensed electronic products libraries are collecting is increasing rapidly. Such situations tend to spawn local, ad hoc fixes; what is needed, by contrast, is an industry-wide, standardized solution. The Electronic Resources Management Initiative (ERMI), an ongoing project of the Digital Library Federation (DLF), is creating such a solution.

Walter Cronkite

Whatever the cost of our libraries, the price is cheap compared to that of an ignorant nation.

George Moore

The hours I spend with you I look upon as sort of a perfumed garden, a dim twilight, and a fountain singing to it. You and you alone make me feel that I am alive. Other men said they have seen angels, but I have seen you and you are enough for me.

Rabindranath Tagore

Love is an endless mystery, for it has nothing else to explain it.

Olindo Iglesias

Values are attached to a culture, and it is culture that binds society together. Therefore, I tend to think more of values as a set of rules that a group of individuals consciously or not agree as elements without which they cannot structure themselves. This, put simplistically, should explain why values are so different from one geographical location to another: the needs are different.

It still surprises me to have discussions where some people firmly believe some values are universal. Worse, some people are so manicheist in their reasoning that they only consider their truth to be valid.

I see change as an impossible process. People don't change, societies don't change, nothing changes out of reason. The only change that can happen is by necessity or out of force.

Even though I understand the need to retrieve old values and way of thinking I am not completely sure Asian societies will be able to go back to their traditional values. The globalized world tends to build a blended, stereotyped society having in at its foundation the American model. Unfortunately, we all tend to think more and more the same.

Neil MacFarquhar

(The fact that it costs the United Nations an average of $2,473 per page to create every single document in its six official languages, while outside contractors complete the same work for around $450.)

That ultimately leaves the operating budget as the place to cut, hence the questions raised about costs like the $2,473 per page. “They are not printed on gold leaf,” one diplomat dryly noted.

That price tag, said Ms. Kane, the budget czar, reflects the fact that the body keeps a staff of translators on call 24 hours a day to make sure any document can be translated instantly into English, Russian, French, Arabic, Spanish and Chinese. Outside contractors, while cheaper, cannot work as quickly, she said.

Negotiators note that the Fifth Committee alone produces some 10,000 pages of documents per year, and that hard copies of every single page do not need to be distributed to all 192 missions. The proposal to limit distribution to the Web prompts some grumbling, however.

“You have the small missions and small countries saying, ‘What is this Internet?’ ” one Latin American negotiator said.

Beyoncé Knowles

Clouds filled with stars cover the skies

And I hope it rains, you're the perfect lullaby

What kinda dream is this?

You could be a sweet dream or a beautiful nightmare

Either way I don't wanna wake up from you

Sweet dream or a beautiful nightmare

Somebody pinch me, your love's too good to be true

My guilty pleasure, I ain't going no where

Baby long as you're here I'll be floating on air

John Maynard Keynes

The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea, the various products of the whole earth, and reasonably expect their early delivery upon his doorstep. Militarism and imperialism of racial and cultural rivalries were little more than the amusements of his daily newspaper. What an extraordinary episode in the economic progress of man was that age which came to an end in August 1914.

佐伯啓思

自由を極端に主張しない。自然権としての平等や人権ということも声高には主張しない。欲望の気ままな解放も主張しないし、競争というものも節度をもった枠内でしか認めない。これが本来の日本的精神です。

調和を求め、節度を求め、自己を抑制することを知り、他人に配慮する。これを、今の世の中で実践するのは非常に難しいことです。

しかし、これら日本的な精神に基づいた価値観を打ち出していく以外に、われわれのとるべき道はありません。それは間違いない。

Desufnoc

city is unusually filled with stars

we are as if in a remote island

the radio says

wind south force three

in the hearts that would have been clear

afraid that knotted string is splitting away

you say

do not think too much

this heart never wanted a love

this soul never felt any of that kind

east to say

love for what it is

want to bet for what it meant to be

wonder whether the fate is on my side

i say

do not want to hear your goodbye

sky is blue your eyes are shining

it is as if in a tropical island

shall we say

do not worry be happy

wind south force three

visibility is six miles

a puddle smiles

and says may be yes may be

Zbigniew Brzezinski

The 500-year global domination by the Atlantic powers is coming to an end, with the new pre-eminence of China and Japan. Waiting in the wings are India and perhaps a recovered Russia, though the latter is very insecure about its place in the world.

In this dynamically changing world, the crisis of American leadership could become the crisis of global stability. Yet in the foreseeable future no state or combination of states can replace the linchpin role America plays in the international system. Without a U.S. recovery, there will be no global recovery. The only alternative to a constructive American role is global chaos.

Oswald Spengler

The philosophy of this book I owe to the philosophy of Goethe, which is practically unknown today, and also (but in a far less degree) to that of Nietzsche. The position of Goethe in West European metaphysics is still not understood in the least; when philosophy is being discussed he is not even named. For unfortunately he did not set down his doctrines in a rigid system, and so the systematic philosophy has overlooked him. Nevertheless, he was a philosopher. His place vis-à-vis Kant is the same as that of Plato--who similarly eludes the would-be systematizer--vis-à-vis Aristotle. Plato and Goethe stand for the philosophy of Becoming, Aristotle and Kant the philosophy of Being. Here we have intuition opposed to analysis. Something that it is practically impossible to convey by the methods of reason is found in individual sayings and poems of Goethe, e.g., in the Orphische Urworte, and stanzas like Wenn im Unendlichen and Sagt es Niemand, which must be regarded as the expression of a perfectly definite metaphysical doctrine. I would not have one single word changed in this: "The Godhead is effective in the living and not in the dead, in the becoming and the changing, not in the become and the set-fast; and therefore, similarly, the reason (Vernunft) is concerned only to strive towards the divine through the becoming and the living, and the understanding (Vcrstand) only to make use of the become and the set-fast" (to Eckermann). This sentence comprises my entire philosophy.

Thomas Robert Malthus

Assuming then, my postulata as granted, I say, the power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man.

Population, when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio. Subsistence increases only in an arithmetical ratio. A slight acquaintance with numbers will show the immensity of the first power in comparison with the second.

By that law of our nature which makes food necessary to the life of man, the effects of these two unequal powers must be kept equal.

Олжас Омарұлы Сүлейменов

лезь в колчан библиотек

жить эпосом в царстве прозы

исправляя метафорой мир

выпрямляя вопросы

Tortuga

EOS International

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